Coastal sea level measurements using a single geodetic GPS receiver

This paper presents a method to derive local sea level variations using data from a single geodetic-quality Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver using GPS (Global Positioning System) signals. This method is based on multipath theory for specular reflections and the use of Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) data. The technique could be valuable for altimeter calibration and validation. Data from two test sites, a dedicated GPS tide gauge at the Onsala Space Observatory (OSO) in Sweden and the Friday Harbor GPS site of the EarthScope Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO) in USA, are analyzed. The sea level results are compared to independently observed sea level data from nearby and in situ tide gauges. For OSO, the Root-Mean-Square (RMS) agreement is better than 5 cm, while it is in the order of 10 cm for Friday Harbor. The correlation coefficients are better than 0.97 for both sites. For OSO, the SNR-based results are also compared with results from a geodetic analysis of GPS data of a two receivers/antennae tide gauge installation. The SNR-based analysis results in a slightly worse RMS agreement with respect to the independent tide gauge data than the geodetic analysis (4.8 cm and 4.0 cm, respectively). However, it provides results even for rough sea surface conditions when the two receivers/antennae installation no longer records the necessary data for a geodetic analysis.     

基于多传感器的裂纹扩展监测研究

疲劳裂纹扩展是结构健康监测的主要问题之一，为了保证金属结构的可靠和安全运行，实时监测结构的疲劳裂纹扩展过程十分必要。针对结构裂纹扩展的问题，采用压电传感器（PZT）和电阻应变片两种传感器，提出结合能够连续监测结构损伤的被动监测方法以及对微小损伤敏感的主动监测方法对裂纹扩展进行综合监测，以提高裂纹扩展的监测水平。采用随机森林算法对裂纹长度进行识别，并使用D-S证据理论对两种传感器的识别结果进行数据融合，得到比单一传感器更准确、可靠的裂纹扩展识别结果。进行了基于应变和主动Lamb波的裂纹扩展监测实验研究，验证了该方法对提高裂纹扩展监测识别准确率的有效性和实用性。     

An iterative LiDAR DEM-aided algorithm for GNSS positioning in obstructed/rapidly undulating environments

This paper describes a new algorithm to aid stand-alone GNSS positioning in areas of bad signal reception using a Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Traditional Height-Aiding (HA) algorithms assume either a preset (fixed) value for the receiver elevation or rely on the elevation value that corresponds to the nearest available position fix. This may lead in erroneous receiver elevation estimates that, under circumstances, are inefficient to aid effectively GNSS positioning. In this study, the receiver elevation is updated at every iteration step of the navigation solution through dynamic interpolation of the elevation model. The algorithm, because of its ability to extract and fully exploit the elevation information derived from a digital model, it can prove particularly useful in forested areas with steep-sloped terrain. Extended test runs were undertaken to validate the correctness of the mathematical model and the feasibility of the algorithm and associated software. Particularly, analysis of a dataset acquired in a forested, rapidly undulating environment reveals significant average improvement in all performance metrics of positioning, namely the GNSS position availability (50%), accuracy (56%) and external reliability (86%) compared to the Standard Point Positioning (SPP) solution. Moreover, it was found that the method can cope successfully in marginal operating conditions with situations of bad satellite geometry and satellite signals affected by interference due to tree canopy.     

三同轴屏蔽效能测试装置的研制

对国内外射频同轴连接器的屏蔽效能测试方法进行了对比研究,通过仿真、设计,研制加工了活塞式三同轴法测量屏蔽效能的测试装置,对测试系统进行了测量结果比对。通过搭建的三同轴法测试系统,建立了射频至微波频段射频同轴连接器的屏蔽效能参数测试平台。     

RB—SiC高致密、超光滑SiC表面改性涂层的制备

为了获得高质量光学表面的碳化硅反射镜,利用射频磁控溅射方法,在直径80mm的RB—SiC基片上沉积了厚约60μm的SiC致密改性涂层,使用传统机械抛光方法对改性层进行超光滑加工,并测试了改性前后的表面粗糙度。结果表明,抛光后SiC表面改性RB—SiC反射镜表面粗糙度均方根（rms）值达到了0．316nm。获得了具有较高...     

Remote sensing using GNSS signals: Current status and future directions

The refracted, reflected and scattered signals of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) have been successfully used to remotely sense the Earth’s surface and atmosphere. It has demonstrated its potential to sense the atmosphere and ionosphere, ocean, land surfaces (including soil moisture) and the cryosphere. These new measurements, although in need of refinement and further validation in many cases, can be used to complement existing techniques and sensors, e.g., radiosonde, ionosonde, radar altimetry and synthetic aperture radar (SAR). This paper presents the current status and new developments of remote sensing using GNSS signals as well as its future directions and applications. Some notable emerging applications include monitoring sea ice, dangerous sea states, ocean eddy and storm surges. With the further improvement of the next generation multi-frequency GNSS systems and receivers and new space-based instruments utilizing GNSS reflections and refractions, new scientific applications of GNSS are expected in various environment remote sensing fields in the near future.     

Inter-satellite links for satellite autonomous integrity monitoring

A new integrity monitoring mechanisms to be implemented on-board on a GNSS taking advantage of inter-satellite links has been introduced. This is based on accurate range and Doppler measurements not affected neither by atmospheric delays nor ground local degradation (multipath and interference). By a linear combination of the Inter-Satellite Links Observables, appropriate observables for both satellite orbits and clock monitoring are obtained and by the proposed algorithms it is possible to reduce the time-to-alarm and the probability of undetected satellite anomalies.     

考虑姿轨耦合的航天器高精度实时导航定轨方法

针对近地轨道航天器及其全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)测量数据驱动的实时导航定轨方法,使用轨道动力学原理解析了由GNSS天线安装位置与航天器质心偏差造成的定轨误差。基于航天器在轨的刚体运动特性和对地姿态特征,提出针对安装关系对应的相对速度修正项。使用姿轨耦合的分析方法,明确了基于航天器质心轨道积分和天线测量点位速修正的GNSS测量信息模拟。结合扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)形式的实时导航算法,分析了安装关系造成的定轨系统误差。围绕半长轴确定误差的长期变化规律,仿真证明了GNSS测量数据的位速修正在高精度实时导航定轨过程中的必要性。     

空间站和GNSS共视的差别及精度对比分析

为了对比空间站和导航卫星共视的性能差异,深入分析影响共视性能的主要误差源特征,推进共视技术进一步发展,以对共视时间比对基本原理的分析为基础,从系统设计和关键误差源影响两个方面对比分析空间站和导航卫星共视的差异。理论研究结果表明,不同于导航卫星共视,轨道误差是影响空间站共视精度进一步提升的主要因素;此外,空间站共视还需考虑地球引力时延等精细误差的影响。最后,设计并实施了仿真实验和实测实验,通过实验数据进一步对比两者的性能差异。实验结果表明空间站和导航卫星共视各有利弊,虽然空间站共视的服务区域和连续性逊于导航卫星共视,但可以实现的共视精度至少比导航卫星高一个数量级。     

靶场GNSS增强、监测与评估系统建设构想

针对靶场GNSS（全球导航卫星系统）增强、监测与评估的测量精度和可靠性保障、异常分析和电磁环境监测等复杂技术需求,明确了靶场GNSS增强、监测与评估的概念,分析了各类方法的特点,确定了以大范围基准站网为主干,采用广域差分增强和地面完好性通道监测满足提高测量精度和可靠性主要需求,采用车载信号监测和干扰监测一体化系统满足不同区域间发的异常分析和电磁环境监测需求的技术路线.设计了系统体系架构,重点分析了系统实时工作模式和数据处理流程,为系统建设提供了有益的参考.